Beta-lactamase inhibitors are compounds that are used in combination with certain beta-lactam antibiotics to enhance their activity against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. Here is a list of some commonly used beta-lactamase inhibitors:
Clavulanic Acid: Clavulanic acid is a naturally occurring beta-lactam compound that irreversibly inhibits a wide range of beta-lactamases, including some extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). It is often used in combination with amoxicillin in formulations such as amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin).
Sulbactam: Sulbactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that is structurally related to penicillins. It inhibits certain beta-lactamases, particularly those produced by Acinetobacter spp. and some strains of Enterobacteriaceae. Sulbactam is commonly combined with ampicillin in formulations such as ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn).
Tazobactam: Tazobactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that is structurally related to penicillins. It inhibits a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases, including many ESBLs. Tazobactam is frequently used in combination with piperacillin in formulations such as piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn).
Avibactam: Avibactam is a non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits a wide range of beta-lactamases, including ESBLs, AmpC beta-lactamases, and some carbapenemases. It is used in combination with ceftazidime in formulations such as ceftazidime-avibactam (Avycaz).
Relebactam: Relebactam is a non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits certain beta-lactamases, including ESBLs and some AmpC beta-lactamases. It is used in combination with imipenem-cilastatin in formulations such as imipenem-relebactam (Recarbrio).
These beta-lactamase inhibitors work by binding to and inactivating beta-lactamase enzymes, thereby preventing them from hydrolyzing beta-lactam antibiotics and restoring their antibacterial activity. The combination of a beta-lactam antibiotic with a beta-lactamase inhibitor is often more effective than the antibiotic alone against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.
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