| Year |
Event |
Reference |
| 1865 |
Genes are considered to be particulate factors (particulate inheritance) by Gregor Mendel.
|
NCBI - Mendel's Work
|
| 1868 |
Nucleic acids discovered by Friedrich Miescher, later identified as DNA.
|
Nature - Nucleic Acid
|
| 1903 |
Chromosomes recognized as carriers of hereditary information containing proteins and DNA.
|
|
| 1910 |
Genes identified to be located on chromosomes.
|
|
| 1913 |
Chromosomes understood to be arranged linearly.
|
|
| 1927 |
Physical changes in genes linked to mutations.
|
|
| 1931 |
Crossing over identified as a mechanism for genetic recombination.
|
|
| 1944 |
DNA confirmed as the genetic material through the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment.
|
|
| 1945 |
Specific genes found to encode proteins.
|
|
| 1951 |
Protein sequencing achieved for the first time.
|
|
| 1953 |
Double helical structure of DNA elucidated.
|
|
| 1958 |
Semi-conservative replication of DNA described.
|
|
| 1961 |
Triplet nature of the genetic code deciphered.
|
|
| 1977 |
DNA sequencing techniques developed.
|
|
| 1985 |
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) invented by Kary Mullis.
|
Nobel Prize - PCR Invention
|
| 1995 |
First bacterial genomes sequenced.
|
|
| 2001 |
Human genome fully sequenced.
|
|
| 2008 |
Synthetic genomes incorporated in the laboratory for the first time.
|
|
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